My life in Alaska Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

My life in Alaska - Essay Example These distinctions are achieved by various components, for example, foundation, spot, and state of birth and life, social milieu, and above all the nation wherein one goes through the majority of one’s time on earth. As an Alaskan, I have certain one of a kind encounters to share and have been raised in a described way. This is the thing that portrays my life in a way that it is available. It causes me to feel bound to my underlying foundations and pleased with my background. Alaska is a nation that lies north of the United States of America. It is situated on the mainland of North America, and isn't connected with the outside world, inferable from frosty temperatures and a totally extraordinary way of life. The atmosphere at Alaska is generally foggy, with precipitation sometimes. It is sloping and the living regions are encircled by mountains, for the most part. The food accessible at Alaska is fundamentally fish, attributable to the high accessibility of ocean animals. Mo reover, the vehicle framework at Alaska is very unique. It is hard to clear one’s path through the snow-secured ways and the water that lies underneath the ice! There exists a ship framework in some cases, wherein individuals need to utilize them to traverse since there are various little island-like masses of lands. In certainty, the indigenous individuals of Alaska follow their own arrangement of conventions and culture. Food is set up through a smoke house, wherein ocean depths is readied. The creatures are utilized in each conceivable way, to better the living of man in these locales.

Critical Analysis on Nuclear Energy Development Free Essays

Presentation Radiation is a type of vitality and various kinds of radiation have various measures of vitality. On the off chance that radioactive waste escapes its sheltered compartment and in to nature it could pollute the untamed life and individuals. A sort of radiation is atomic vitality. We will compose a custom exposition test on Basic Analysis on Nuclear Energy Development or then again any comparable subject just for you Request Now Atomic vitality was found by heaps of various individuals however everything began in 1895, when Wilhelm Rontgen started passing an electric flow through a cleared glass tube and delivering consistent X-beams. Atomic vitality is supposed to be sheltered contrasted with other vitality sources. The three security issues with atomic vitality is controlling the pace of the response if the responses is uncontrolled it could cause an emergency and radiation could leak outside of the force plant. The following security issue is dealing with the radioactive materials utilized in the reactors. The third and last wellbeing issue is the security of the material, in such a case that it gets in to an inappropriate hands it could cause an atomic war. An atomic reactor creates and controls the arrival of vitality from parting the iota. The power discharged is utilized to make heat which is then used to make steam which in the end you end up with power. Measures of radiation discharged into nature are estimated in units considered curies and the portion that an individual gets is estimated in units called rem. With regards to atomic vitality there are a ton of guidelines. The primary guideline is that the atomic force plant must be authorized by the United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission and keeping in mind that the reactors are being fabricated they will be directed at unequaled and there must be a last investigation when the reactor is done. They do investigations regularly to check the state of the plant and to ensure they are adhering to the laws. The subsequent guideline is capacity holders. Inevitably the uranium won't have the option to be utilized any longer yet it is still radioactive so they need to place it in safe holders and store it either at the plant or delivered to a storeroom. The third security guideline is transportation. Trains, trucks, planes, and vessels all vehicle radioactive materials. The United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission and the branch of transportation have caused manages about how much radioactive burn through to can be moved at once. They do th is in such a case that there was a spill they need to downplay the sum spilled. The forward guideline is fire wellbeing. Fire recognition is imperative to the point that they have satisfactory fire observing frameworks. They additionally have a gathering of individuals that there possibly work is to look for flames and if there is one to report it immediately. Atomic force plants are required to have one control station ensured against fire in which laborers can securely close down the reactor if vital. The fifth and last guideline is reports. The plant must report on the off chance that they are closed down in any way, shape or form, any occasion that can contrarily influence the plant regardless of whether it is out of their control, and they should report any airborne or fluid arrival of radioactive materials must be accounted for to the United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission on the off chance that it surpasses the foreordained sum. The waste that originates from these plants in the event that they decide to send it some place goes to a remote area in southeastern Washington State called Hanford. In this desert around 2 million curies of radioactivity and a huge number of huge amounts of synthetic compounds are put away there. There are numerous weapons and clinical needs. The measure of atomic vitality out there right presently represents the greatest danger to general wellbeing in mankind's history. Clinical arranging and resistance arrangements for atomic war have expanded. There is little proof that they will be of critical incentive in the result of an atomic clash. Security is by all accounts incongruent with fundamental standards of clinical morals and global law if there is any indication of weapons of mass obliteration. The essential clinical obligation under such conditions is to take an interest and attempt to forestall the beginning of an atomic war. In 2008 there were some huge changes made to the last FY subsidizing charge which was then submitted to the Department of Energy’s office of Nuclear vitality. A portion of the projects got more than they had mentioned for while critical slices were made to the financial plans for different projects. The organization had mentioned for $801.7 million for the Office of Nuclear Energy’s. The Consolidated Appropriations Act gave $961.7 million which is $160 million over the mentioned sum. Getting ready uranium for a reactor is an arduous procedure it experiences the means. The means are mining, processing, change, enhancement and fuel manufacture. These means make up the initial segment of the atomic fuel cycle. Uranium will go through around three years in the reactor before it experiences the second piece of the atomic cycle. The second piece of the cycle incorporates brief stockpiling, reprocessing, and reusing before in the end arranging as waste. With a budgetary push from President Obama and even Bill Gates Nuclear vitality is out before all the rest as an option in contrast to creating power with non-renewable energy sources. Radioactive rot is the unconstrained breakdown of a nuclear core bringing about the arrival of vitality and matter from the core. Splitting is an atomic response where a nuclear core parts, or partings, into pieces, typically two sections of equivalent mass, with the arrival of a lot of vitality as warmth and radiation. Combination vitality can likewise be created by consolidating light cores in a procedure is called atomic combination. The things that have gone on in Japan have been completely horrible. On March eleventh is the point at which the tremor and tidal wave hit Japan. The atomic force plant had crisis methodology set up for a tremor in Japan. The atomic force plant has fuel in the reactors that gets exceptionally hot and consistent stream of water that runs by the warmed fuel and diverts the warmth. This fuel is intended to work so that it will cool all alone if there are no proceeding with chain responses. At the point when the seismic tremor hit, the plant shut down as it was intended to do and crisis power went on. In any case, at that point the wave hit too, and power was totally taken out. Of the eight reactors, they were having issues with three. The blend of two catastrophic events is the thing that caused this issue. Each atomic force plant needs to get ready for crises simply like the one in Japan. A portion of the principles you should follow when a force plant has a crisis are to tune in to the particular alerts since you might have the option to deal with the issue before it would get outside the force plant. Audit your crisis handbook and make certain to tune your radio to the crisis ready frameworks channel to keep refreshed on what’s going on. At long last, clear to an assigned gathering community. Presently there are various things you need to do when the crisis has occurred. In the event that you are advised to empty don't get back until authorities state its alright, in the event that you are advised to remain inside and not come out do it and look for clinical treatment on the off chance that you have any strange side effects, for example, queasiness which could be identified with the radiation introduction. My genuine belief on creating atomic vitality is that it really is great that to have around in light of the fact that it produces vitality and occupations. The awful thing about it is that it is extremely risky to have around. On the off chance that there was ever a mishap it could release poisonous radioactive waste all over the place. I believe that we ought not create atomic vitality in the United States since it is excessively hazardous. I would be against it if the United States at any point chose to put an atomic force plant in Delaware Ohio. If something somehow managed to turn out badly all the individuals and organizations around there could be harmed and the individuals could kick the bucket. On the off chance that we had a force plant in Delaware Ohio there would be no chance they could store the radioactive waste here they would need to send it elsewhere which would cause to a greater degree a risk since then a spill could occur on their way to the new site.That is to da ngerous. On the off chance that they choose to put progressively atomic force plants in the United States they should put it out in the center of no place. I believe that would be the most secure spot for them to be. References Dark, R. (2011, March 15). Japan tremor: Radiation ascends at fukushima atomic plant. Recovered May 18, 2011, from http://www.bbc.co.uk// Hanes, A., Gleisner, J. (2009, October 24). Atomic weapons and medication: Some moral problems. Recovered from National organizations of Health site: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov//? Atomic fuel cycle. (2011, February). Recovered May 18, 2011, from http://www.world-nuclear.org//.htm Atomic force plants. (2011). Recovered May 18, 2011, from http://www.mass.gov/pageID=eopsterminalL=4L0=HomeL1=Homeland+Security+%26+Emergency+ResponseL2=Planning+%26+PreparednessL3=Familysid=Eeopsb=terminalcontentf=mema_nuclear_power_plants_infocsid=Eeops Upsides and downsides of atomic vitality. (2011). Recovered May 18, 2011, from http://timeforchange.org/and-cons-of-atomic force and-supportability Wellbeing guidelines of atomic force plants. (2011, February). Recovered May 16, 2011, from http://www.ehow.com/_5042817_safety-guidelines atomic force plants.html Sloter, K. (2011, March 17). What truly happened†japan atomic force plant emergency. Recovered May 18, 2011, from http://umichsph.wordpress.com/?/truly happened-japan-atomic force plant-emergency/ Staedter, T. (2010, March 17). Is atomic vitality safeRetrieved May 16, 2010, from http://news.discovery.com//atomic vitality safe.html Instructions to refer to Critical Analysis on Nuclear Energy Development, Essay models

Everything you Need to Know about Google AdWords

Everything you Need to Know about Google AdWords In this article, we will provide the Google AdWords 101 by giving you 1) a short introduction to AdWords, 2) explaining the basic principles of AdWords, 3) the benefits and disadvantages of Google AdWords, and 4) some tipps for creating a great AdWords campaign.ADWORDS: A BRIEF INTRODUCTIONWhat is Google AdWords?Google AdWords is an online advertising service or program created by Google which enables a business to reach its target audience by creating web advertisements and competing for their display. The advertisements created using this program are based on the concept of Keywords, which are selected or defined by the advertisers. Using Google AdWords, businesses can choose the budget to create the ad, choose the location or web pages where the ad will be displayed and also evaluate the result or impact of the advertisement. Users can choose any amount that they wish to invest in using this service as there is no upper limit cap. Also, Businesses can stop using Adwords or give it a break whenever they wish to.Google AdWords was launched in the year 2000 and during the initial days, the advertisers were required to pay a monthly fee to get their campaign set and managed by Google. But later in 2005, a self-service feature was introduced and named Jumpstart. In the year 2013, the company announced that it will be introducing further features so that the advertisers can handle and manage their ad campaigns in a better and more efficient way. The improved features made it possible to show ads across various devices including mobile phones and tablets as well.Example:For example, you run a hair salon in Boston and wish to advertise it. You can choose to create and manage your ad in such a way that it only appears to web visitors living in and around this area. So if someone is living in and around searches for ‘Hair Salon in Boston’, they will be able to see your ad and click on it to reach you.BASIC PRINCIPLES OF GOOGLE ADWORDSIf you are a business owner or advertiser who wants to use AdWords for advertising on the web, then you must first know how this service works. Google AdWords is the most popular Pay-Per-Click marketing method which works on the basis of certain basic principles that have been provided below for your reference:Bidding StrategiesAdvertisers who use Google AdWords need to place their ads in the Auctions. These auctions are run by Google to find the ads that show when someone searches on Google. To place your ads in an auction, you need to choose a bidding strategy depending on your objective. The following are some of the bidding strategies:Cost-per-click This is a strategy in which you focus on getting clicks on your ads. This is a method suitable for those who wish to build traffic on their website.Cost-per-impression This is a strategy in which you focus on the number of times your ad shows. Such strategy is suitable for those who wish to build on their brand name and image.Cost-per-Acquisition This strategy is related to the conversion rate of customers. It is suitable for those who are already established advertisers and are now interested in promoting purchases, etc.Quality ScoreQuality Score is the relevance and quality of your ad which Google measures to see if your ad is really useful to the customer and if clicking on it takes them to the page that they are looking to visit. The higher the quality score, the better it is for your business and even if your competitor’s maximum bid is higher than yours, your ad will appear above theirs provided your quality score is better. Some factors on which this score is dependent upon include account performance, the relevance of ad, the Click-through-Rate or CTR or ad and performance.Checking Quality Score:Every keyword gets a score between 1 to 10, 1 being the lowest and 10 the highest. There are several ways to check your quality score, and the easiest way is to look in the Keywords Tab. You can run keywords diagnosis by:First, Click on the campaigns tab.Then, Select the keywords tab.Near the keywords status, there is a white speech bubble. Click this bubble to check the details of the quality score of the keyword.Here you will be able to check on the landing page experience of visitors, relevance of ad and CTR rate as expected.Another way to check the Quality Score is to enable the Qual. Score Column.Ad RankAd Rank is another important principle of Google AdWords and is the ranking given to an ad based on its bid and its quality score. Basically, all ads are placed in an order that is based on the Ad Rank. The ad with the highest Ad Rank is in the top position, and subsequent ranks get subsequent positions. Here’s the formula for calculating the Ad Rank of an ad:Ad Rank = Quality Score * BidNow, the amount that an advertiser pays to display an ad is the minimum amount needed in order to defeat the Ad Rank of the rival ad placed below them. This Amount is known as the Discounter. This amount can be calculated us ing the following formula:$$ = Ad rank to beat/Quality Score + $0.01How Quality Score Affects Ad Rank:From the formulas mentioned above, it is clear that the Quality Score greatly affects the Ad Rank. In fact, several components of the Quality Score can affect the rank, and some of them include auction-time calculations of expected CTR, bid, landing page experience, etc. A business or an advertiser can thus improve its Ad Rank by improving upon these components. This is how:The quality of the landing page: you must create an information rich, easy to navigate and transparent landing page to improve the quality score and thus Ad Rank.Expected CTR: Expected CTR can be improved by improving impressions of the ad, historical clicks on the ad, extensions, the position of the ad and other such factors.Ad relevance: the text and message given by the ad must be relevant to what a person searches it for.Performance on targeted devices: your ad must perform well on all devices that it targets including computers, laptops, mobile phones and tablets, etc.Geographic factors: your campaign must be successful in the geographic locations that you have targeted and should be able to reach out to target audience in that area.BENEFITS AND DISADVANTAGES OF GOOGLE ADWORDSTop Benefits of Google AdWords for Entrepreneurs1.     FlexibilityOne of the top benefits of using Google AdWords is that it is an extremely flexible service that can be customized by advertisers and businesses as per their requirement or convenience. The platform makes it possible for you to create an ad for a selected region, selected audience and customized keyword searches, etc.Flexibility in bidding strategies there is a great deal of flexibility in terms of bidding strategies. You can either choose Cost-Per-Click, Cost-Per-Acquisitions or Cost-Per-Impression, based on your needs.Flexibility in the format â€" AdWords allows you to choose the format you wish to display your ad on. For example, you can choose to display it on the mobile format, the PC format or both.Flexibility with keywords â€"you can choose the exact keywords to which your ad will be displayed. You can either choose a small set of keywords or a broad set.Flexibility in running several marketing campaigns you can run a whole range of ad campaigns for several different marketing objectives.2.     Measurement and evaluationOnline marketing methods like Google AdWords are highly measurable unlike other channels like Magazine and TV advertisements. In fact, even SEO and Social Media marketing methods are difficult to measure since they are not as transparent as AdWords. You can measure and evaluate results and trends at a more granular level and change the things that may not be working well. You can measure the real ROI, sales and conversions and brand awareness with this service and hence continuously improve yourself to improve profits.3.     SpeedAdWords is increasingly becoming a popular marketing method since it take s a little time to show results. Unlike SEO, which can take months to show profitable results, AdWords helps you get clicks instantly and build impressions soon after ad placement. Because this method is so fast, one can easily monitor results and test keywords for their performance. If a particular keyword is not working well, then one can change it or remove it instantly. Whereas, on the other hand, a keyword that works well in AdWords may be worth trying out in SEO as well.4.     Controllable budgetAnother advantage or benefit of using Google AdWords is that with this method, one can set their budget to set up an ad. You can reduce and increase this budget any time you wish and also have an option of setting up the budget daily, based on the performance of the previous day. This means that small or local businesses can use this method flexibly and without having to invest a lot.5.     ReachUnlike hoardings and newspaper ads, ads created and posted through Google AdWords allow you to reach out to a much bigger and targeted audience. In fact, besides reaching customers with PCs, one can also reach out to those with mobile devices and tablets. This means that a smaller businesses that cannot afford to invest in reaching out to those outside the city through traditional marketing methods can use this method to do the same without having to spend that much.6.     High relevanceAnother benefit of Google AdWords is that the ads created there should be made highly relevant. Not only do these ads showcase what customers are looking for but are also meant only for those who are looking for that kind of service. AdWords is a superb way to attract highly relevant and targeted audience who have a higher chance of converting.Main Disadvantages of Google AdWords1.     Every click is chargeableOne of the major disadvantages of using Google AdWords is that every click on it is chargeable. This means that advertisers need to pay for clicks to get visits to their website. Thi s method may help you get more visitors, but it still doesn’t ensure that these visitors will convert into customers. Thus for some businesses, it may prove to be very expensive and not worth the investment. In fact, making mistakes on this platform too could prove expensive because of the chargeable clicks feature.2.     Not the best way to reach your customer for every companyIt may be a superb way to market and promote their products and services for many companies, but it is not for everyone. It is not necessary that your target audience will be able to locate you online because even in spite of the popularity of the internet, not everyone looks online when in need. This means that AdWords doesn’t fit for some markets.3.     Difficult to compete with big companiesSince AdWords can prove to be a slightly expensive way of advertising or marketing, it may be a difficult channel to compete with the bigger and richer companies. The bigger brands can afford to invest thousands of dollars every month on an ad campaign and may bid higher. This means that if you are a small scale or budding business, then you may find it very challenging and expensive to rival established and well-known companies.4.     Removal of presence if unable to make paymentsIf you are unable to make due payments on Google AdWords, then your presence from it can be immediately removed. This is yet another disadvantage of using this platform, especially for smaller businesses that do not have a consistent cash flow and may sometimes lag behind in making payments.5.     No competitor data is sharedGoogle does not disclose the data or performance information of rival or competitor businesses and hence there is no way to compare data with that of competitors while using AdWords. Without a proper comparison, you may not be able to improve on the issues that you may be lacking on, as compared to your competitors.TIPS TO CREATE A SUCCESSFUL ADWORDS CAMPAIGNSelect highly relevant and compelling keywordsKeyword selection is one of the most important factors that determines the success or failure of a Google AdWords Campaign. It is very important to select highly relevant keywords that are not only compelling but also in demand. Below are some of the ways using which you can come up with suitable and effective keywords for your ad campaign:Keeping your product/service and your target audience in mind: The keywords must be selected in such a way that they are relevant not just to the product or service that you offer but also to your target audience. They must match the purpose of your products, services as well as that of the advertisement as a whole.Estimating customer demand also using tools like keyword planner: The keywords you select must be popular and in current customer demand. Tools like keyword planners can help you come up with a list of the most popular keywords.Comparing your short list of keywords with competitors using: If you have come up with a list of some keywords for your campaign, then it is very useful to compare it with that of your rivals or competitors who are selling similar products and services. Such comparison can be done by using tools like Keyword Spy.Write a compelling AdWords adBesides having compelling keywords, it is also very important for your ad to be attractive to the target audience. The ad must be specific, clear and should intrigue one enough to make them click on the ad. The following are some points using which you can come up with such an AdWords Ad:Using your customer USP: USP or Unique Selling Proposition is a quality of yours which makes you different from your competitors. It is important to state very clearly your USP in your ad so as to generate more traffic and improve the sales conversion rate. Having and giving your USP also reduces the price comparison shopping trend that can prove great for your business.Using Call-to-Action: The ad must have a Call-To-Action so that you give your customers some i nformation on how to reach you and order your products or services. Not including such a statement may sometimes turn away interested customers and may make you lose on a golden opportunity of customer conversion. The Call-To-Action must be strong, simple and easy to understand.Potentially using negative keywords: Negative keywords are the kinds of keywords which are related to other kinds being used in the campaign but not related to what you are advertising or promoting. Using such keywords is also a good way to create a compelling ad because these help to qualify the ad within the campaign and make way for a much more streamlined advertisement.Target your adsAnother tip to enjoy a successful AdWords Campaign is to incorporate all the 3 types of keyword targeting which include broad match, exact match and phrase match in your bidding strategy. Exact match keywords must be focused more upon whereas broad match keywords must be given slightly less weight.Monitor and Optimize campaig nsA good ad campaign is one which is regularly monitored and tweaked. If you are a small business owner then managing this on your own may be a little hard but it can keep your costs low and performance high by eliminating ineffective keywords. Constantly check the search term reports that help you to check CTRs, sales and conversions, the impact of ads and higher cost per click keywords.Don’t mislead customersYour Google Ad needs to be 100% accurate and should claim only what you will be offering or delivering. It is very important not to mislead the audiences by making false claims or promises just to attract them. The ad must be relevant to the landing page and should have no irrelevant text.

Essay Ethics in Criminal Justice - 1263 Words

ETHICS IN CRIMINAL PROCEDURE AND CRIMINAL JUSTICE CRJ 306 – INTRODUCTION TO CRIMINAL LAW AND PROCEDURE KRISTA L. JONES PROFESSOR COURTNEY SEVERINO July 29, 2013 Ethics in Criminal Procedure and Criminal Justice Actions and inactions all have moral implications; they are either right or wrong depending on the individual and what s/he believes or feels is right or wrong. Each person’s conduct can and does have implications and ramifications. For every action there is an equal and/or opposite reaction not only for the average person but also for professionals; especially in the area of law enforcement, criminal justice, and criminal procedure. Just discussed is known as moral philosophy. Ethics can be defined in several ways.†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"Human rights are argued to be the most promising basis for an ethically principled opposition to both excesses of punishment and an unduly instrumental understanding of penal practice† (Canton, 2009). Human rights are one of the most important issues when it comes to ethics in connection to punishing criminals or even misdemeanor offenders. Canton also states in his ar ticle, â€Å"Nonsense Upon Stilts? Human Rights, the Ethics of Punishment and the Values of Probation†, in the British Journal of Community Justice, that our rights as humans â€Å"are distinctively important in discussions of punishment† (Canton, 2009) and that every attempt should be made to distinguish which rights should be forfeited as punishment for committing a crime and which rights should be retained regardless of any offense and what the offense is. â€Å"Ethical issues regarding corruption and off-duty behavior have become an increasing challenge in criminal justice† (Writing, 1999-2013). Within the criminal justice system, ethics can be complicated by the moral implications of actions. Differences in cultures and different circumstances can affect the individual moral compass. However, all departments of criminal justice operate by a certain code of ethics and by certain standards. But those standards and ethics often become challenged due to iss ues relating to police brutality, off duty conduct and corruption that we hear about all of the time through the media. Before officiallyShow MoreRelatedCriminal Justice Ethics675 Words   |  3 Pagesyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnm CRIMINAL JUSTICE ETHICS Ethical amp; Legal Issues in Professions 6/2/2013 Crystal Lynn Hunt | Criminal Justice Ethics After reviewing the tutorial on criminal justice ethics, my answer on the case would have to be Report the incident to your supervisor. I choose this answer for the following reasons: 1. 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Personal ethics are applied to every aspect of life from daily interactions with others, to the work force, in every profession. This paper will define the use of ethics in the criminal justice system. As well as the difference between ethics in life and law, why the need for equal treatment of all people in the criminal justice system, and what safeguards are provided by the criminal procedure to ensure there are ethics in the criminal justice system. The term ethics has a moreRead MoreEthics in Criminal Justice Administration1433 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿ Ethics in Criminal Justice Administration CJA 484 Lori Madison Nowhere is ethical behavior more important than the administration of criminal justice. Lack of ethical behavior undermines the purpose of the criminal justice system. The cost of unethical behavior will be the downfall of the criminal justice system and only by gaining a true understanding of what ethical behavior is and how to maintain it will the system continue to flourish. While the ethical standard individualsRead MoreThe Necessity of Ethics in Criminal Justice2018 Words   |  9 PagesErazo Criminal Justice April 15, 2013 Prompt: Give an account of the role of ethics and its significance to the functions of the criminal justice system in America, and describe its impact on crime and social control. The Necessity of Ethics in Criminal Justice The role of ethics is important to the criminal justice system as well as the government because it helps maintains social control and crime control. Over time the role of ethics has adapted in every aspect of the criminal justice systemRead MoreEthics And The Criminal Justice System1805 Words   |  8 PagesWhat are ethics? How are ethics analyzed in the criminal justice system? 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Art History Fauvism (ca 1898-1908)

Fauves! Wild beasts! Not exactly a flattering way to greet the first Modernists, but this was the critical reaction to a small group of painters exhibiting in the 1905 Salon dAutomme in Paris. Their eye-popping color choices had never before been seen, and to see them all hanging together in the same room was a shock to the system. The artists hadnt intended to shock anyone, they were simply experimenting, trying to capture a new way of seeing that involved pure, vivid colors. Some of the painters approached their attempts cerebrally while others consciously choose not to think at all, but the results were similar: blocks and dashes of colors not seen in nature, juxtaposed with other unnatural colors in a frenzy of emotion. This had to have been done by madmen, wild beasts, fauves! How Long Was the Movement? First, bear in mind that Fauvism wasnt technically a movement. It had no written guidelines or manifesto, no membership roster, and no exclusive group exhibitions. Fauvism is simply a word of periodization we use in place of: An assortment of painters who were loosely acquainted with one another, and experimented with color in roughly the same way at roughly the same time. That said, Fauvism was exceptionally brief. Starting with Henri Matisse (1869-1954), who worked independently, a few artists began to explore using planes of undiluted color around the turn of the century. Matisse, Maurice de Vlaminck (1876-1958), Andrà © Derain (1880-1954), Albert Marquet (1875-1947) and Henri Manguin (1875-1949) all exhibited in the Salon dAutomme in 1903 and 1904. No one really paid attention, though, until the Salon of 1905, when all of their works were hung together in the same room. It would be accurate to say that the Fauves heyday began in 1905, then. They picked up a few temporary devotees including Georges Braque (1882-1963), Othon Friesz (1879-1949) and Raoul Dufy (1877-1953), and were on the publics radar for two more years through 1907. However, the Fauves had already begun to drift in other directions at that point, and they were stone cold done by 1908. What Are the Key Characteristics of Fauvism? Color!  Nothing took precedence over color for the Fauves. Raw, pure color was not secondary to the composition, it defined the composition. For example, if the artist painted a red sky, the rest of the landscape had to follow suit. To maximize the effect of a red sky, he might choose lime green buildings, yellow water, orange sand, and royal blue boats. He might choose other, equally vivid colors. The one thing you can count on is that none of the Fauves ever went with realistically-colored scenery.Simplified Forms Perhaps this goes without saying but, because the Fauves eschewed normal painting techniques to delineate shapes, simple forms were a necessity.Ordinary Subject Matter  You may have noticed that the Fauves tended to paint landscapes or scenes of everyday life within landscapes. There is an easy explanation for this: landscapes are not fussy, they beg for large areas of color.Expressiveness Did you know that Fauvism is a type of Expressionism? Well, it is -- an early t ype, perhaps even the first type. Expressionism, that pouring forth of the artists emotions through heightened color and popping forms, is another word for passion at its most basic meaning. The Fauves were nothing if not passionate, were they? Influences of Fauvism Post-Impressionism was their primary influence, as the Fauves either knew personally or intimately knew the work of the Post-Impressionists. They incorporated the constructive color planes of Paul Cà ©zanne (1839-1906), the Symbolism and Cloisonnism of Paul Gauguin (1848-1903), and the pure, bright colors with which Vincent van Gogh (1853-1890) will forever remain associated. Additionally, Henri Matisse credited both Georges Seurat (1859-1891) and Paul Signac (1863-1935) for helping him discover his inner Wild Beast. Matisse painted with Signac -- a practitioner of Seurats Pointillism -- at Saint-Tropez in the summer of 1904. Not only did the light of the French Riviera rock Matisse on his heels, he was bowled over by Signacs technique in that light. Matisse worked feverishly to capture the color possibilities whirling in his head, making study after study and, ultimately, completing Luxe, Calme et Volupte in 1905. The painting was exhibited the following spring at the Salon des Independents, and we hail it now as the first true example of Fauvism. Movements Fauvism Influenced Fauvism had a large impact on other expressionistic movements, including its contemporary Die Brà ¼cke and the later Blaue Reiter. More importantly, the bold colorization of the Fauves was a formative influence on countless individual artists going forward: think of Max Beckmann, Oskar Kokoschka, Egon Schiele, George Baselitz, or any of the Abstract Expressionists to name just a few. Artists Associated with Fauvism Ben BennGeorges BraqueCharles CamoinAndrà © DerainKees van DongenRaoul DufyRoger de la FresnayeOthon FrieszHenri ManguinAlbert MarquetHenri MatisseJean PuyGeorges RouaultLouis ValtatMaurice de VlaminckMarguerite Thompson Zorach Sources Clement, Russell T. Les Fauves: A Sourcebook. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1994.Elderfield, John. The Wild Beasts: Fauvism and Its Affinities. New York: The Museum of Modern Art, 1976.Flam, Jack. Matisse on Art revised ed. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1995.Leymarie, Jean. Fauves and Fauvism. New York: Skira, 1987.Whitfield, Sarah. Fauvism. New York: Thames Hudson, 1996.

Coyote Blue Chapter 18~19 Free Essays

CHAPTER 18 Shadowphobia Saturday morning Josh Spagnola was sleeping in and dreaming of putting shampoo into bunnies’ eyes when the Harley-Davidson crashed through his front door carrying a 270-pound, pissed-off, speed-crazed biker named Tinker. With the crash and thunder of the bike in his living room, Spagnola sat up in his nest of satin sheets thinking earthquake, listening for the sounds of his burglar alarms, which did not come. Spagnola’s house was wired six ways to stop an elegant picklock or spry cutpurse from entering by stealth, sneak, or cat’s-paw; he had, in fact, protected himself against someone exactly like himself. We will write a custom essay sample on Coyote Blue Chapter 18~19 or any similar topic only for you Order Now That anyone would break in on a battering ram of Milwaukee iron, in broad daylight, had never occurred to him. Tinker, on the other hand, took the words breaking and entering quite literally, and found entering a rather empty experience without substantial breaking. He carried on his belt a policeman’s riot baton, a blackjack, two hunting knives, and a set of brass knuckles. In a rare moment of sanity he had left his guns at home. His lawyer had advised against guns while on probation. Tinker had received an early-morning call from Lonnie Ray, one of his brothers in the Guild. â€Å"You want him dead?† Tinker had asked Lonnie. â€Å"No, just fuck him up. And don’t wear your colors. I don’t want any connection to me.† â€Å"Is he big?† Tinker had a deep-seated fear of someday meeting someone as large and violent as himself. â€Å"I don’t know. Just wait until I call. You’ll see the black Mercedes.† â€Å"You got it, bro,† Tinker said, and hung up. Tinker tried to wait for Lonnie’s call, but he’d been up all night cooking up a batch of methedrine in the Guild’s lab, and had lost his patience after sampling the product in order to take the edge off the case of beer he’d drunk. At daybreak his bloodlust got the better of him and he left. In the bedroom, hearing a Harley do burnouts on his Berber carpet, Spagnola finally realized that something was seriously wrong. He leapt from bed and began searching through a trail of clothes he had left last night on the way to bed with the Tuesday-Thursday-Saturday masseuse from the Cliffs. He remembered kicking his gun belt away from the bedroom door when he sent her home at midnight and scrambled to the door. He was bending to unholster the gun when Tinker kicked the door open, catching Spagnola square in the forehead, knocking him cold. Tinker looked down at the naked, unconscious little man and let out a sigh. The absence of terror was wildly unsatisfying for him. As a gesture of brotherhood to Lonnie he pulled the baton from his belt and with two vicious blows broke both of Spagnola’s legs, then he sulked out of the bedroom, mounted his bike, and rode to the Guild’s clubhouse to watch Saturday-morning cartoons. -=*=- Sam awoke to Yiffer yelling, â€Å"Get down! Don’t let them see you!† Sam looked around the room. Calliope and Grubb were gone. He got up and reached for his watch on the dresser while shouts and whispers continued from the living room. Six in the morning. It must have gone on all night: the shouting, the pounding, the babies crying. He was lucky to have slept at all. He dressed and walked into the living room. â€Å"Get down,† Yiffer said. â€Å"Don’t let them see you.† Sam dropped to a crouch in the doorway. Nina and Calliope were huddled under the front windows holding the babies. Yiffer was crouched by the door that led to the balcony. He rose up to peek out the window, then instantly dropped to cover. â€Å"What is it?† Sam said. â€Å"Is someone shooting?† Nina said, â€Å"No, it’s the garage sale people. Stay down.† â€Å"Good morning,† Calliope said. â€Å"Did you sleep well?† â€Å"Fine. Who are the garage sale people?† â€Å"They’re fucking predators,† Yiffer said. â€Å"They keep circling like sharks. Look.† Yiffer gestured to the window. Sam duck-walked to the window and peeked over the edge. Dodge Darts and Ford Escorts were cruising slowly by, stopping in front of the house, then moving slowly on. Nina said, â€Å"Yiffer put the ad in the paper for our yard sale with the wrong date. They’re all looking for us.† â€Å"Five of them have been to the door already,† Yiffer said. â€Å"Whatever you do, don’t answer it. They’ll tear us apart.† â€Å"Probably ten of them went to Lonnie’s door and left when he didn’t answer,† Calliope said. â€Å"What happened with Lonnie?† Sam said. Yiffer rose up and peeked out the window. â€Å"Christ! There’s a whole van full of them outside.† He dropped to a sitting position, his back to the door. To Sam he said, â€Å"Lonnie didn’t answer when I went down there last night. As soon as he heard me come back upstairs he got on his bike and left.† Nina said, â€Å"How long are they going to circle? I have to go to work today.† â€Å"They’re never going to leave,† Yiffer wailed hopelessly. â€Å"They’re going to just wait and pick us off one by one. We’re doomed. We’re doomed.† Nina slapped Yiffer across the face. â€Å"Get a grip.† Sam could think of only one thing, the cigarettes on the seat of his car. He had gone sixteen hours without a smoke and was feeling as if he would snap like Yiffer in a few minutes if he didn’t get some nicotine into his system. â€Å"I’m going out there,† he said. He felt like John Wayne – before the lung cancer. â€Å"No, dude. Don’t do it,† Yiffer pleaded. â€Å"I’m going.† Sam stood up and Yiffer covered his head as if expecting an explosion. Sam picked up Grubb’s plastic donut on wheels. â€Å"Can I borrow this?† â€Å"Sure,† Calliope said. â€Å"Are you coming back?† Sam paused for a minute, then smiled and took her hand. â€Å"Definitely,† he said. â€Å"I just need to take a shower and handle a few things. I’ll call you, okay?† Calliope nodded. â€Å"You’ll never see him alive again,† Yiffer whined. Nina looked up apologetically. â€Å"He had a lot to drink last night. I’m sorry if our fighting disturbed you.† â€Å"No problem,† Sam said. â€Å"Nice meeting you both.† He turned and walked through the kitchen and out the door. As he went down the steps, the van that Yiffer had spotted screeched to a halt in front of the duplex and a dozen gray-haired ladies piled out and rushed him. They met at the bottom of the steps. â€Å"Where’s the sale?† one said. â€Å"This is the right address. We checked it twice.† â€Å"Where’s the bargains? The ad said bargains.† Sam held the plastic donut up before them. â€Å"This is it, ladies. I’m sorry, but everything was gone but this when I got here. We were all too late. The quick and the dead, you know.† A collective moan came from the mob, then one shouted, â€Å"I’ll give you ten bucks for it!† â€Å"Twelve!† another shouted. â€Å"Twelve fifty.† Sam gestured for them to be quiet. â€Å"No, I need this,† he said solemnly. He hugged the donut to his chest. Their purpose gone, they milled around for a moment, then gradually wandered back to the van. Sam stood for a moment watching them. The other garage sale people who had been circling the block saw them leaving, and Sam could almost feel the disappointment settling into their collective consciousness as they broke pattern and drove off. â€Å"Great night,† Coyote said. Sam’s nerves had been so worn from the night and morning that he didn’t even jump at the voice by his ear. He looked over his shoulder to see Coyote in his black buckskins and a huge, white ten-gallon cowboy hat. â€Å"Nice hat,† Sam said. â€Å"I’m in disguise.† â€Å"Swell,† Sam said. â€Å"I can’t get rid of you, can I?† â€Å"Can you wipe off your shadow?† â€Å"That’s what I thought,†. Sam said. â€Å"Let’s go.† -=*=- The shogun of the Big Sky Samurai Golf Course and Hot Springs was worried. His name was Kiro Yashamoto. He was driving his wife and two children in a rented Jeep station wagon up a winding mountain road to look at an ancient Indian medicine wheel. The day before, Kiro had purchased two thousand acres of land (with hot springs and trout stream) near Livingston, Montana, for roughly the price he would have paid for a studio apartment in Tokyo. The deal did not worry him; after the golf course and health club were built he would recoup his investment in a year from the droves of Japanese tourists who would come there. His children worried him. During this trip Kiro’s son, Tommy, who was fourteen, and his daughter, Michiko, who was twelve, had both decided that they wanted to attend American universities and live in the United States. Tommy wanted to run General Motors and Michiko wanted to be a patent attorney. As he drove, Kiro listened to his children discussing their plans in English; they paused only when Kiro pointed out some natural wonder, at which time they would dutifully acknowledge the interruption before returning to their conversation. It had been the same at the Custer Battlefield, the Grand Canyon, and even Disneyland, where the children marveled at the machinations of commerce and missed those of magic. My children are monsters, Kiro thought. And I am responsible. Perhaps if I had read them the haikus of Basho when they were little instead of that American manifesto of high-pressure sales, Green Eggs and Ham†¦ Kiro steered the jeep around a long gradual curve that rounded the peak of the mountain and the medicine wheel came into view: huge stones formed spokes almost two hundred feet long. In the center of the wheel a tattered figure lay prostrate in the dirt. â€Å"Look, father,† Michiko said. â€Å"They have hired an Indian to take tickets and he has fallen asleep on the job.† Kiro got out of the Jeep and walked cautiously toward the center of the wheel. He’d learned a lesson in caution when Tommy had nearly been trampled in Yellowstone National Park while trying to videotape a herd of buffalo. Tommy and Michiko ran to their father’s side while Mrs. Yashamoto stayed in the car and checked off the medicine wheel on the itinerary and maps. Tommy panned the camcorder as he walked. â€Å"It’s just rocks, Father.† â€Å"So is the Zen garden at Kyoto just rocks.† â€Å"But you could make a wheel of rocks at your golf course and people wouldn’t have to drive up here to see them. You could hire a Japanese to take tickets so you wouldn’t lose revenue.† They reached the Indian and Tommy put the camcorder on the macro setting for a close-up. â€Å"Look, he has fallen asleep with his face on the ground.† Kiro bent and felt the Indian’s neck for a pulse. â€Å"Michiko, bring water from the Jeep. Tommy, put down that camera and help me turn this man over. He is sick.† They turned the Indian over and cradled his head on Kiro’s rolled-up jacket. He found a beaded wallet in the Indian’s overalls and handed it to Tommy. â€Å"Look for medical information.† Michiko returned with a bottle of Evian water and handed it to her father. â€Å"Mother says that we should leave him here and go get help. She is worried about a lawsuit for improper care.† Kiro waved his daughter away and held the water to the Indian’s lips. â€Å"This man will not live if we leave him now.† Tommy pulled a square of paper from the beaded wallet. He unfolded it and his face lit up. â€Å"Father, this Indian has a personal letter from Lee Iacocca, the president of Chrysler.† â€Å"Tommy, please look for medical information.† â€Å"His name is Pokey Medicine Wing. Listen: ‘Dear Mr. Medicine Wing: ‘Thank you for your recent suggestion for the naming of our new line of light trucks. It is true that we have had great success with our Dakota line of trucks, as well as the Cherokee, Comanche, and Apache lines of our Jeep/Eagle division, but after investigation by our marketing department we have found that the word Crow has a negative connotation with the car-buying public. We also found that the word Absarokee was too difficult to pronounce and Children of the Large-Beaked Bird was too long and somewhat inappropriate for the name of a truck. ‘In answer to your question, we are not aware of any royalties paid to the Navaho tribe by the Mazda Corporation for the use of their name, and we do not pay royalties to the Comanche, Cherokee, or Apache tribes, as these words are registered trademarks of the Jeep Corporation. ‘While your proposed boycott of Chrysler products by the Crow tribe and other Native Americans saddens us deeply, research has determined that they do not represent a large enough demographic to affect our profits. ‘Please accept the enclosed blanket in thanks for bringing this matter to our attention. ‘Sincerely, Lee Iacocca ‘CEO, Chrysler Corporation. â€Å" Kiro said, â€Å"Tommy, put down the letter and help me sit him up so he can drink.† Tommy said, â€Å"If he knows Lee Iacocca he will be good to have as a contact, Father.† â€Å"Not if he dies.† â€Å"Oh, right.† Tommy dropped to his knees and helped Kiro lift Pokey to a sitting position. Kiro held the bottle to Pokey’s lips and the old man’s eyes opened as he drank. After a few swallows he pushed the bottle away and looked up at Tommy. â€Å"I burned the blanket,† he said. â€Å"Smallpox.† Then he passed out. CHAPTER 19 Five Faces of Coyote Blue Ever since the morning Adeline Eats had found the frost-covered liar in the grass behind Wiley’s Food and Gas there had been a screech owl sitting atop the power pole in front of her house, sitting there like feathered trouble. In addition, Black Cloud Follows had blown a water pump, all of her kids were coming down with the flu, her husband, Milo, had gone off to a peyote ceremony, and she was trying desperately to stay out of Hell. It was unfair, she thought, that her new faith was being tested before the paint was even dry. She wanted the owl to go away and take her bad luck with it. But to a good Christian, an owl was just an owl. Only a traditional Crow believed in the bad luck of owls. A good Christian would just go out there and shoo that old owl away. Of course, it wouldn’t bother a good Christian. Adeline had come to Christianity the same way she had come to sex and smoking: through peer pressure. Thinking about her six kids and her smoker’s hack, she wondered if perhaps peer pressure didn’t always lead to the best habits. Her sisters had all converted and they had referred to her as the heathen of the family until she caved in and accepted Christ. Now, only three weeks after being washed in the blood of the Lamb, she was already backsliding like a dog surprised down a skunk hole. The owl. Adeline looked out the front window to check on the owl; he was still there. Had he winked at her? She had pinned up her hair and was wearing sunglasses and a pair of Milo’s overalls, hoping the owl wouldn’t recognize her until she figured out what to do. She was tempted to pray to Jesus to make the owl go away, but if she did that, she would be admitting that she believed in the old ways and she’d go to Hell. There was no Hell in the old ways. Then again, she could load up Milo’s shotgun, walk out in the yard, and turn that old owl into pink mist. She couldn’t see herself doing that either – no telling what kind of trouble that would unleash. And she couldn’t wait for Milo and ask him for help: not after weeks of working on him to leave the Native American church and trade in his peyote buttons for wafers and wine. She ducked away from the window. One of the kids coughed in the other room. Eventually she was going to have to take them down to the clinic for treatment. But she was afraid to pass by the owl. According to the priest, God knew everything. The sunglasses and hairdo wouldn’t fool God. God knew she was afraid, so He knew she still had faith in the old ways, so she was going to Hell as sure as if she’d been out all morning worshiping golden calves and graven images. â€Å"I got bad medicine from being Crow,† she thought. â€Å"And I’m going to Hell for being Christian. I should have let that old liar Pokey freeze to death.† She slapped herself on the forehead. â€Å"Damn! Another Hell thought.† -=*=- A nun with an Uzi popped up on the parapet of Notre Dame like a ninja penguin. Coyote shot from the hip, winging her before she could fire. She tumbled over the side, bounced off a gargoyle, and splattered on the sidewalk below. A synthesized Gregorian chant began to play as her spirit rose to heaven, a steel ruler in hand. Coyote strafed a stained-glass window and took out a bazooka-wielding bishop for two thousand penance points. Sam walked into the bedroom, hair wet, a towel wrapped around his hips. â€Å"Nice shot,† Sam said. Coyote glanced up from the video game. â€Å"The red ones have killed me three times.† â€Å"Those are cardinals. You have to hit them twice to kill them. Wait until you get to the Vatican level. The pope has guilt-beam vision.† Before Coyote could look back to the screen the cathedral doors flew open and St. Patrick fired a wiggling salvo of heat-seeking vipers. â€Å"Hit your smart bomb,† Sam said. Coyote fumbled with the control, but was too late. A snake latched onto his leg and exploded. The screen flashed GAME OVER, and a synthesized voice instructed Coyote to â€Å"go to confession.† Coyote dropped the control onto the bed with a sigh. Sam said, â€Å"You did good. Gunning for Nuns is a hard game for beginners.† â€Å"I should have brought some cheating medicine. My cheating medicine never fails.† â€Å"This isn’t like the hand game. This is a game of skill.† â€Å"Who needs skill when you can have luck?† Sam shook his head and turned to go back to the bathroom. During the night something inside him had changed. Each time he thought things had reached a plateau of weirdness, something even weirder had happened. The result, he realized, was that he was now accepting anything that happened, no matter how weird, without resistance. Chaos was the new order in his life. The phone rang and Sam, hoping it was Calliope, grabbed the receiver off the vanity. â€Å"Samuel Hunter,† he said. â€Å"You low-life, scum-sucking shithead!† â€Å"Good morning to you too, Josh.† â€Å"You win, dickhead. There’ll be a meeting of the co-op association tonight. They’ll vote you back in. You can keep your apartment, but I want your guarantee that this is over.† â€Å"Okay.† â€Å"I hope you know I’ve lost all respect for you as a professional, Sam. The doctor says I’m going to walk with a limp for the rest of my life.† â€Å"There was a crooked man who had a crooked-â€Å" â€Å"You broke my legs! My house is destroyed.† Sam peeked into the bedroom where Coyote was attacking the Sistine Chapel with a helicopter gunship. â€Å"Josh, I don’t know what you’re talking about, but I’m glad you came to your senses.† â€Å"Fuck you. I’m using up years of collected dirt to get your apartment back.† â€Å"Townhouse,† Sam corrected. â€Å"Not apartment.† â€Å"Don’t fuck with me, Sam. I’m in a cast up to my nipples and a sadistic nurse has been force-feeding me green Jell-O for an hour. Just tell me it’s over.† â€Å"It’s over,† Sam said. The phone clicked. Sam walked back into the bedroom. â€Å"What did you do to Spagnola?† Coyote was rolling on the bed in exaggerated body English to tilt the gunship. â€Å"These birds are eating my tail rotor. I can’t control it.† â€Å"Uh-oh, St. Francis released the doves of death. You’re dead meat.† Sam took a cigarette from the pack on the dresser and offered one to Coyote. â€Å"What did you do to Spagnola?† â€Å"You said you wanted your old life back.† â€Å"So you broke Spagnola’s legs?† â€Å"It was a trick.† â€Å"You can’t just go around breaking people’s legs like some Mafioso fairy godmother.† The gunship spun out of control and crashed on the mezzanine. Coyote threw the joystick at the screen and turned to Sam. â€Å"How can I win if you keep talking to me? You whine like an old woman. I got you your house back!† â€Å"I wouldn’t have lost it if you had left me alone. Be logical.† â€Å"What gods do you know that are logical? Name two.† â€Å"Never mind,† Sam said. He went to the closet and pulled his clothing out for the day. Coyote said, â€Å"Do you have a light?† â€Å"No.† â€Å"No? After I stole fire from the sun and gave it to your people?† â€Å"Why, Coyote? Why did you do that?† Sam turned to point out the lighter on the dresser, but the trickster was gone. -=*=- Calliope’s upbringing in the Eastern religions, with their emphasis on living in the now – of acting, not thinking – had left her totally unprepared to do battle with the future. She’d tried to ignore it, even after Grubb was born, but it had become more and more difficult to function on karmic autopilot. Now, Sam had entered her life and she felt like she had something to lose. The future had a name. She wondered what she had done to manifest the curse of a nice guy. â€Å"It feels wonderful, but I want more,† Calliope said. â€Å"I don’t get it,† Nina said. They were cleaning up the kitchen. Grubb was scooting around on the linoleum at their feet, tasting the baseboards, a table leg, a slow-moving bug. â€Å"I’ve always felt separate from men, even during sex. It’s like there’s this part of me that watches them and I’m not really involved. But it wasn’t that way with Sam. It was like we were really together, no barriers. I wasn’t watching him, I was with him. When we were finished I lay there watching the pulse on his neck, and it was like we had gone to some other world together. I wanted more.† â€Å"So you’re saying you’re a hosebeast.† â€Å"Not like that. It was just that I want to feel that way all the time. I want my whole life to feel – complete.† â€Å"I’m sorry, Calliope, I don’t get it. I’m happy if Yiffer doesn’t pass out before we finish.† â€Å"I guess it’s not a sexual thing. It’s a spiritual thing. Like there’s a part of life that I can touch but I can’t live in.† â€Å"Maybe we just need to find a house where your ex doesn’t live downstairs.† â€Å"That was pretty awful. I couldn’t believe Sam didn’t just leave.† Nina threw a dish towel at Calliope and missed. â€Å"You had a little good luck for a change, accept it. Not every guy has to be a creep like Lonnie.† â€Å"I’m a little afraid to leave Grubb with him when I go to work today.† â€Å"Lonnie won’t hurt Grubb. He was just pissed that you were with someone else. Men are like that. Even when they don’t want you, they don’t want anyone else to have you.† â€Å"Nina, do you think there’s something wrong with me?† â€Å"No, you’re just not very good at worrying. You’ll get the hang of it.† -=*=- â€Å"I’ve got to get back to the house,† Lonnie said to Cheryl, who was pouring peroxide on his damaged chest. She wiped away the foam with a tissue, then poked the wound with a broken black fingernail. â€Å"Ouch! What are you doing, bitch?† Cheryl got up from the bed and pulled on a pair of leather pants. Lonnie could see her hipbones and shoulder blades pushing against her pale skin as if they would poke through any second. â€Å"You’re always thinking of her. Never me. What the hell is wrong with me?† She turned to face him and he stared at her breasts lying like flaps against her ribs. She pulled back her lips in a snarl and Lonnie knew his face had betrayed him. â€Å"Fucking asshole,† she said, pulling on a black Harley-Davidson T-shirt. â€Å"It’s not her, it’s the kid. He’s my kid. I have to watch him when she goes to work.† â€Å"Bullshit. Then why won’t you fuck me?† She tossed her head and her long black hair fell into her face like seaweed on the drowned. Because you look like you just escaped from fucking Auschwitz, Lonnie thought. He’d been with Cheryl for three months and had never seen her eat. As far as he could figure she lived on speed, come, and Pepsi. He said, â€Å"I worry about the kid.† â€Å"Then get custody. I can take care of him. I’d make a good mother.† â€Å"Right.† â€Å"You don’t think so? You think that vegetarian bitch is a better mother than me?† â€Å"No†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"You start treating me right or I’m gone.† Cheryl took a purse from the floor and began digging in it. â€Å"Where the fuck is my stash?† She threw the purse aside and stormed out of the room. Lonnie followed her, carrying the denim vest sporting the Guild’s colors. â€Å"I’ve got to go,† he said. Cheryl was dumping a bindle of white powder into a can of Pepsi. â€Å"Bring back some crank,† she said. As Lonnie walked out she added, â€Å"Tink called while you were sleeping. He said to tell you he took care of things.† Outside Lonnie fired up his Harley and pulled out into the street. Tinker’s news should have cheered him up, but it didn’t. He felt empty, like he needed to get fucked up. He always felt that way lately. At one time being a brother in the Guild, being accepted for who he was, had been enough. Having all the women and drugs and money and power he needed had been enough. But since Grubb was born he felt like he was supposed to be doing something, and he didn’t know what it was. Maybe the bitch is right, he thought. As long as the kid tied him to Calliope he was going to feel shitty. It was time to feel good again. -=*=- Frank Cochran, the cofounder of Motion Marine, Inc., had spent most of the morning in his office milling over the bane of his existence: the human factor. Frank loved organization, routine, and predictability. He liked his life to be linear, moving forward from event to event without the nasty backtracking caused by surprises. The human factor was his name for the variable of unpredictability that was added to the equation of life by human beings. Today, the human factor was represented by his partner, Jim Cable, who was in the hospital after being attacked by an Indian. Frank’s thinking went thus: If Jim dies there’ll be insurance hassles, legal battles with the family, and someone will have to comfort Jim’s mistress. But if Jim lives – maybe Jim’s mistress should be comforted anyway†¦. His train of thought was broken by the buzz of the intercom on his desk. â€Å"Mr. Cochran,† his secretary said, â€Å"there’s a man from NARC here to see you.† â€Å"I don’t have any appointments until after lunch, do I?† The office door burst open and Cochran looked up to see an Indian in black buckskins striding toward him. His secretary was shouting protests from her desk. Cochran spoke into the intercom, â€Å"Stella, do I have an appointment with this man?† â€Å"Native American Reform Coalition,† Coyote said. â€Å"I understand that some insurance agent is taking credit for what happened to your partner.† Cochran had a very bad feeling about this. â€Å"Look, I don’t know who you are, but I don’t like surprises.† â€Å"Then this is going to be a very bad day for you.† Coyote slammed the door behind him. â€Å"A very bad day.† The trickster extended his right hand. â€Å"Nice to meet you.† Cochran watched in horror as the Indian’s hand began to sprout fur and claws. How to cite Coyote Blue Chapter 18~19, Essay examples

Practical Treatise on Law of Partnership †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Practical Treatise on Law of Partnership. Answer: Introduction: The partnership is built on the basic understanding of sharing responsibility and sticking to the general agreement that was created upon establishment of the association (Graw, 2011). Lance can be sued for breach of the partnership agreement. When lance buys the motor vehicle, he has a cap on the amount that he can be able to spend (Cracknell, 2004). There are three rules for liability in a partnership business. Every partner is liable for his or her own action undertaken separately ( Individual responsibility) Every partner is liable for the action taken by all other partners jointly( collective duty of care) Every partner is liable for the action of the business employees Lance will take individual responsibility for his action. In the partnership agreement, a partner can only spend a given amount of money that is authorized. Lance spent more which is contrary to the agreement. Although, Lynton does not know the terms and conditions of the partnership, so he goes ahead and sells the car. He is not guilty of these actions. This is a business where more than two people jointly own a property or a business as well as have a shared responsibility of managing the company. They share the income and the losses generated by the business according to the agreements on the partnership shares. Most partnerships between two people are shared on an equal basis. Incomes from the business are paid to partners who then have to claim it for the tax refunds. Partnership business does not have taxes on the profits and losses unlike in corporations (Underhill, 2013). Applying the law to the case study In the general partnership, the partners share the same managerial responsibility and workload equally. The profits and losses generated by the business are shared by the partners who are all actively involved in the business operations. The limited partnership is a completely different set up and structure. It allows outside investors to buy into the business but have a limited scope in terms of participation that is largely based on their contribution. It is complex and turns out to be a little bit hard in terms of decision making of the company (GOW, 2016). Thirdly, the joint partnership project is only focused on joint project undertaking that attract alliances and associations by multiple partners. If the joint project is successfully tabled and implemented, it will evolve to a general partnership or association. If the project is cancelled, it will lead to cancellation of the intended partnership. In this business Lance buys a new motor vehicle for the herbal products business. There are three partners in this business and Lynton, the car salesperson is not aware that Lance has a cap on the money that he can spend (Blackett-Ord Haren, n.d.). in a general partnership, partners are required to act in a prudent manner with regard to carrying out activities and business of the partnership. This is known as duty of care. The primary purpose of this is to make partners act reasonably, without any conflict of interest and in good faith when making business decisions for the partnership. Lance is therefore expected to make decisions that wont affect the business when transacting on behalf of other partners. Unlike corporations, which helps partners to join through responsibility, associations have shared and individual responsibilities (Goode, 2009). This means that all partners are responsible for their actions and are supported by the company, as are the actions of the other partners. In an partnership agreement, the terms and conditions of establishment of the herbal business product were set. It is in this partnership agreement that the remaining two partners will use to sue Lance. He is liable his individual actions. Losses arising from the transaction will be affected to Lances account. It is arguably correct to say that lance should have consulted the other partners on the best possible way of dealing with the issues. Although, the car will be used for business purposes, the partners may agree that he contravened the rules and regulations that guide the establishment of the partnership (Graw, 2011). Since a partnership involves people undertaking a common business for profit. In a general partnership, partners are fiduciaries to each other. This means that partners owe each other certain basic duties and also to the business. A partnership is one relationship that requires the partners to exercise honesty, fairness, good faith, loyalty and fairness. Therefor e, partners like Lance are expected to act for the benefit of all partners when transacting on behalf of the business. The highest standards of care are expected from a partner. Fiduciary duties, imposes on a partner that they should not take advantage of one another by concealment, misrepresentation, adverse pressure and threat relating to the partnership and its business. Lance has misrepresented as well as concealed information from Lynton about the limit placed on the amount that he can spend to purchase the car (Bradgate, White Llewelyn, 2012). Another of the fiduciary duties is the duty of full disclosure. A partner in a general partnership is expected to disclose fully to fellow partners any information relating to the business that could affect the partners interest in the business (Bradgate, White Llewelyn, 2012). This duty of disclosure is not owed only to partners but also to anyone who is in one way or another transacting with the partner on behalf of the business. For example, Lance would have disclosed to Lynton about the limit placed on the amount that he was to spend. The three rules of liability in a partnership are, That every partner is liable for their actions, a partner is liable for the actions of the other partner and every partner is liable for the action of employees (Boros Duns, 2013). Therefore, in general partnership each partner can incur liability for his own acts and omissions or acts of the other partners. A partner can sue another partner for settlement of the partnership general account and for dissolution of the partnership (Roth Kindler, 2013). Under the partnership Act, one of the partners can sue for dissolution of the firm if a partner consistently and deliberately commits breach of agreement relating to the firms management. Other grounds for dissolution are when a partner becomes insane and / or is incapable of performing his partnership duties. A court can only pass a decree if the conduct of the partner is deemed to be a calculated prejudice of the business. Lance has the duty of good faith and fair dealing, which begins when a partnership is being formed. This duty continues throughout the life of the business and extends to the point of complete settlement and dissolution of the partnership(Roth Kindler, 2013).. Even when there is a strain in relations between partners, all partners are expected to act in good faith and fair dealing. However, lance did not act in good faith when he ignored to disclose the limit that the partners had placed when buying the vehicle. This could eventually harm the business and relations between partners. Other partners should take action against Lance for going against what they had agreed in regards to how much should be spent for the vehicle. In this case The partners may not take the legal route, because lance has not consistently breached the agreement in other occasions. However, partners can draft a way of ensuring that there are consequences when one of the partners breaches an agreement in the partnership agreement. The partnership however can not be bound by this contract, because dissolution can only occur if the other partners establish that Lance has been consistently breaching the agreements made by the partners (Reddy Canavan, n.d.). He however, should pay back the money exceeded during the purchase of the car. One of the legal issues that arises from the above case is that there is misrepresentation. Misrepresentation is the process of giving consumers false information about the use of a product during adverting. The moisturizing product does not actually slow the effects of ageing and this is misrepresentation of a product. This is known as product liability. On the other hand the legal issue is whether Saqlaim the refugee has been taken advantage of by the partners when they sell to him the car(Goode, 2009). The principle in use here is known as uberrimae fidae. This is a minimum standard that requires the seller and the buyer in a transaction to act honestly towards each other and not withhold or mislead critical information about the product from each other. This principle is also known as Utmost good faith. Xiaojing should notify the consumers on the actual uses of the moisturizer, and also on the other hand the partners should not take advantage of Saqlaim(the refugee) little knowledge of English to sell to him a car. This is unethical. In the case of Xiaojing, false information is telling the consumers that the moisturizer will slow the effect of ageing. Since a false statement must be one of fact, consumers who are aware of the fact that the moisturizer has been misrepresented and has got no effect on ageing can sue Xiaojing for the loss incurred when they purchased the product. According to the law, sellers are not supposed to misrepresent their products in order to make people buy the product(Graw, 2011).. On the other hand, Saqlaim cannot sue the partners who sold for him the car. If the car was not defective and all the partners had agreed on selling it, then there is no liability on part of partners. The fact that Saqlaim has little knowledge of English cannot be used in a court of law to make a case that Lance took advantage of him when selling the car. The principle of willing buyer willing seller applies here(Goode, 2009).. Xiaojing can be sued by the consumers and any contract that he has with other companies can be rescinded as a result of misrepresentation of a product. On the other hand, Saqlaim is bound by the contract because he entered into the contract willingly. He cannot sue for any loss. The legal issue in this case is the non-payment of services provided by Felix to Xiaojing. Although a casual laborer, Felix is entitled to his wages at the end of services rendered. This case also borders on business ethics and laws(Goode, 2009). The concept of ethics in business relates to the goodness and badness or the righteousness or wrongness of an action in relation to identifiable external behavior. The society determines what is wrong and what is right. However, there is a legal problem in this case because there is no contract between Felix and Ms. Xiaojing. It is important that the ethical issues in this case be addressed. There was no contract between the two and it would be hard to sue or seek any legal redress if the work was not signed under a contract. Laws in employment require that everybody upholds common legal ethics in business and in hiring. Non-compliance and non-obedience of the laws will only lead to legal issues as the society has set standards for which the to seek legal redress(Graw, 2011). Conclusion In conclusion, Felix cannot seek legal redress as he cannot authentically produce a contract under which he was legally hired. In this case, ethical issues arise where it is only right ethically for the employer to pay him. References Blackett-Ord, M., Haren, S.Partnership law. Boros, E., Duns, J. (2013).Corporate Law. Melbourne: OUPANZ. Bradgate, R., White, F., Llewelyn, M. (2012).Commercial law. Oxford: University Press. Commercial law. (2006). London. Cracknell, D. (2004).Commercial law. London: Old Bailey. Goode, R. (2009).Commercial law. London: Butterworths. GOW, N. (2016).PRACTICAL TREATISE ON THE LAW OF PARTNERSHIP. [S.l.]: FORGOTTEN BOOKS. Graw, S. (2011).An outline of the law of partnership. Rozelle, N.S.W.: Thomson Reuters (Professional) Australia Limited. Reddy, J., Canavan, R.Q A commercial law. Roth, G., Kindler, P. (2013).The spirit of corporate law. Oxford, United Kingdom: Hart. Underhill, A. (2013).Principles of the law of partnership. Miami, FL: Hardpress Pub.

According to science these are techniques on how to be happier at work

According to science these are techniques on how to be happier at work Being happy at work is important; it is the place where you spend 40+ hours weekly. Your happiness is usually reflected in the work you produce and your overall attitude. Happy workers  tend to be more productive than unhappy workers. We understand you’re not going to be in the best mood every day, especially if you are working a lot of overtime and feel under appreciated. But with these techniques, you can have a higher job satisfaction and be happier at work.  Source [NetCredit]

Macy essays

Macy essays Rowland Hussey Macy, born in 1822 was of the eighth Macy generation on Nantucket Island, Massachusetts. He was a Quaker and a descendant of Thomas Macy. When Macy was 15, he joined a whaling ship that left New Bedford in December, 1837, and returned four years later. In 1844, when Macy was 22, he opened a thread-and-needle store in Boston and, two years later, a retail dry goods store in the same city. Macy was described as a stocky, bearded veteran of hard times; he was frugal and hot tempered. He was known to flirt with the girls on buying trips to Europe. In 1847, Macy went to work for his brother-in-law, George W. Houghton, a dry goods retailer in Boston. This ended quickly when Macy decided to leave with his brother Charles to California with the Forty-Niners. With his brother Charles B. Mitchell and Edward R. Anthony, Macy formed a partnership as Macy He then returned east and opened a store in April 1851, in Haverhill Massachusetts, under the name R. B. Macy, the initials of his brother, Robert, who had started the dry good business in Boston. At Haverhill Macy started the principles that later he took to New York. Principles like advertising, buy and sell for cash policy and the one-price concept. He also gave notice of attempting to undersell all competition in 1853. Macy stayed in business in Haverhill for four years. During this time he also would go to Wisconsin as a money and real estate broker. In 1858 at age 36 he returned to New York and opened an 11-foot-front store selling ribbons, laces, embroideries, artificial flowers, feathers, handkerchiefs, hosiery and gloves at 204-206 sixth avenue on 14 street in Manhattan. First day sales were $11.06. By the end of 1859 Macys sales totaled to $90,000 and on an advertising budget of $2, 800. Within a month Macy began selling gloves and hosiery for men. By the fol...

Forgiveness Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Forgiveness - Essay Example The research being accessible to everyone on internet has changed the general perspective to a realistic one also introducing the benefits of improving intrapersonal health and thoughts. When it comes to utilizing the benefits of forgiveness, it can be seen in two different ways, religious and psychological; even though both overlap. Forgiveness ensures that intrapersonal and interpersonal troubles of a person are resolved, which is the reason forgiveness cannot be taken as a responsibility or duty. Forgiving by force might shortly suppress the issues but does not resolve them, as per Baker (2012). To truly forgive, one needs to let go from the heart and release the resentment; religiously explained by McMinn et. al (1999), it might be an altruistic gift to the receiving individual; while from a psychological point of view it is seen as means of regaining personal health. This contrast of approaches of forgiveness shows two different perceptions of forgiveness with respect to intrape rsonal characteristics and interpersonal relations. Where religion finds forgiveness to be a trait of God and a way to thank God for His forgiveness, psychologists find it as a therapeutic tool that helps an individual get relieved of his anguish. Reconciliation after forgiveness involves parties to re-establish the relationship but is unlikely to be always synonymous to forgiveness. As alluded by Baker (2012), forgiveness and reconciliation together might be a good combination in case of loved ones but they don’t always go together. This can be due to a number of reasons. For example, the forgiving individual might want to forgive the perpetrator but not have anything to do with them anymore, on the other hand the perpetrator might not even have any remorse in the first place or even being repeatedly injurious making reconciliation impossible whereas the victim might still want to forgive the person. Such situations define the differences between forgiveness and reconciliati on. It might also be a point to note that acknowledgement of offense is also not equal to remorse while on the other hand, forgiveness being a choice still enables the victim to want to forgive an unrepenting perpetrator. The Gale Encyclopedia (2009) article on reconciliation also refers to forgiveness being both a psychological and a religious approach to emotional healing; both being in contrast, still aim the same thing - improvement of interpersonal relations and intrapersonal health. From another point of view, forgiveness might be seen as a unilateral act while reconciliation takes both (or all) parties involved. Forgiveness might also involve foregoing indebtedness so that the victim does not have to go through the ordeal of reconciling with the perpetrator. The senior citizens are also alluded to have found forgiveness and reconciliation an important part in the last phase of their life. The Gale Encyclopedia (2009) terms it as an ‘end of life concern’ for those in the last phase of their life. It is also sometimes the case that tolerance is confused with reconciliation. Tolerance and forgiveness might both be helpful in reconciliation but are not equal to it. Reconciliation involves people on two sides of a divide to uncover the ordeal they’ve been put through and sacrifice in order to re-establish a relationship. Tolerance also does not require the same level of honesty as for forgiveness while reconciliation requires both. This differentiates forgiveness to be unique in the way that it is not

Islamophobia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Islamophobia - Essay Example 'Islamophobia,' if any, especially as contested within a U.K. context, is just such an instance of an active (mis)labelling practice in which contestants - '(Jeudo-Christian) Occident' vs. '(Islamist) Orient' as possible (mis)labelled parties to contest - exchange exact same (mis)labelled identity signifier i.e. 'Islamophobic' not only in order to frame parties to contest but for an appropriation of what, ultimately, defines frames of contest per se. Indeed, much literature is dedicated to question (mis)appropriateness of 'Islamophobia' as a labeller of 'phobia' generated, presumably, from an increasingly 'visible' presence of Islam / Muslims in the U.K. in recent years. 1,2,3 The case for / against Islamophobia, depending on which party holds argument, is, in fact, made much blurry given ambiguity of what constitutes a Muslim identity in the first place. 4 Considering potentially multiple identities of U.K. Muslims 5,6, contestation between and This paper examines multilayered manipulations of Islamophobia as contested within a U.K context. The argument, first, discusses literature on race relations and immigration policies, more emphasis being laid on policies pertaining to Commonwealth subjects in Indian Subcontinent. An examination follows of how race-based (addressing ethnicity, assimilation and multiculturalism issues) as opposed to faith-based (addressing religious practices, rights, and interfaith relations) protections have much influenced and/or mixed up contestations over Islam, Muslims and, most importantly, Islamophobia, if any, within a U.K. context. Finally, Islamophobia is placed in a wider European context in which contestation over Islamophobia as such is connected to Continental debates on modern nation-states and multiculturalisms. Race, race relations and immigration policies Historically, Britain has received waves of immigrants of diverse descent for a multitude of reasons. Yet, post-World War II period, particularly during mid-1940's, 1950's and 1960's, witnessed unprecedented influx into major industrial cities for reconstruction efforts. 7,8 Up until late 1960's, no specific laws addressed inter-ethnic violence and conflict. Ironically, ex-colonies subjects were regarded, after all, as second class citizens. 9 Only when families of 'Asian' (primarily Pakistani, Indian and Bangladeshi) works started to 'flood' English cities and ports in what is referred to as 'chain immigration' (i.e. residents invite close family members and friends and, once [Insert Your Last Name] 4 settled, relatives and friends invite their own families and friends) did local acts of ethnic violence give prominence to and raise public awareness on a national level of 'alien' citizen status as part of British reality. 10 Still, post-World War II period is one characterised more by inflammatory statements made about nationals of 'non-British' blood and descent 11 rather than about

Foreign Direct Investment Determinants Economics Essay

Foreign Direct Investment Determinants Economics Essay This paper provides a research proposal investigating the question of determinants of FDI in the ASEAN and the SAARC. significant relationships and differentials between potential Macro-economic, country specific and Transnational company specific determinants of Foreign Direct Investment in the ASEAN (Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, Vietnam and Thailand) and select SAARC countries (Sri Lanka and India) using data sets from 1990-2011 are identified. The paper ascertained all objectives of the study and conducted a literature review where 32 variables and 32 hypotheses were identified to test the research question. The proposal was critically centred on research design and research method but also the research conducted time frames, weaknesses and bibliographic references which are to be proposed for future research in to the authors research topic. Finding of the study are to be conducted as per the time frame. Furthermore the Author provides definitions of all varia bles in the annexure 2. Or Abstract This study aims at analyzing the determinants of foreign direct investment inflows for a group of European regions. The originality of this approach lies in the use of disaggregated regional data. First, we develop a qualitative description of our database and discuss the importance of the macroeconomic determinants in attracting FDI. Then, we provide an econometric exercise to identify the potential determinants of FDI inflows. In spite of choosing regions presenting economic similarities, we show that regional FDI inflows rely on a combination of factors that differs from one region to another. Design/Methodology/Approach A mixed method approach to research is conducted gathering secondary data from the World Bank Statistics, International Financial Statistics (IFS) of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the Global Market Information Database (GMID). Global Market Information Database (GMID), the database of Department of Statistics for each country (Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand, Singapore and Philippines) and the Bloomberg database. Central bank annual reports of all countries. Furthermore primary data analysis will be conducted post testing where interviews with specialists in the field of Finance and economics will help make meaning to the results. The paper proposes to use a multiple regression analysis method where robustness of results and hypothesis are proven/disproven using ANOVA, Correlations and Model significance. This data will be tested using various statistical packages such as SPPS and visually will be shown to the reader via MS project. Then based on the variables ascertained from literature the hypothesis will be proven or disproven. Furthermore to stimulate the interest of the reader the data will be displayed as much as possible in the research report stage using graphical software such as MS project, Microsoft visio, Mind Mapping software and Matlab. Findings: The following paper is a research proposal and no findings have been ascertained. Research limitations and implications: Certain variables lacked time series data and may prove to have some level of significance on FDI. Certain countries did not have the required data to test Hypothesis. Practical Implications: The finding will be a guideline so that policy planners in emerging markets can use prior to making any type of investment decision related to the markets concerned. Also the paper after the finding will have section on the lessons learnt for each country or region in terms of FDI and it will be catalyst paper for future research and academia. Originality/value The paper extends and expands the knowledge of international capital flows and provides a more nuanced understanding of the importance of internal market dynamism in attracting FDI in the ASEAN and SAARC. Paper type: Research Chapter 1: Introduction 1.0 Background One of the remarkable features of globalization in the 1990s was the flow of private capital in the form of foreign direct investment. FDI is an important source of development financing, and contributes to productivity gains by providing new investment, better technology, management expertise and export markets (Sahoor, 2004). Domestic investment still accounts for the majority of the total investment in developing economies. Foreign investment can only complement this. However, each form of foreign investment plays a distinct and important role in promoting growth and sustainable development, boosting countries competitiveness, generating employment, and reducing social and income disparities. Non-FDI flows may work either in association with FDI, or separately from it. As no single type of flow alone can meet investment needs, it is vital to leverage their combinations to maximize their development impact (UNCTRAD, 2011) Foreign investors are also expected to transfer intangible a ssets such as technology and managerial skills to the host country and provide a source of new technologies, processors, products, organizational technologies and management skills as a strong impetus to economic development (Dr Catherine S.F. et .al, 2011) As per the Ernst young report six factors will shape our world including, Emerging markets increase their global power, Cleantech becomes a competitive advantage, Global banking seeks recovery through transformation, Governments enhance ties with the private sector, Rapid technology innovation creates a smart, mobile world and Demographic shifts transform the global workforce. If we Identify the key emerging markets globally as per a study conducted by Ernst and Young suggests Estimates show that 70% of world growth over the next few years will come from emerging markets, with China and India accounting for 40% of that growth. Adjusted for variations in purchasing power parity, the ascent of emerging markets is even more impressive: the International Monetary Fund (IMF) forecasts that the total GDP of emerging markets could overtake that of the developed economies as early as 2014 also other emerging markets were identified such as . The emerging markets already attract almost 50% o f foreign direct investment (FDI) global inflows and account for 25% of FDI outflows. In fact the largest The brightest spots for FDI continue to be Africa, the Middle East, and Brazil, Russia, India and China (the BRICs), with Asian markets(Thailand, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore and Thailand) of particular interest at the moment. By 2020, the BRICs are expected to account for nearly 50% of all global GDP growth (Ernst Young,2011). In fact from the top 20 FDI inflow host countries as depicted in figure 3 China, Hong Kong, Singapore, India and Indonesia are among the top recipients in the world. In fact as per the UNCTADs World Investment Prospectus Survey(WIPS) confirms that developing and transition economies are becoming important investors, and this trend Is likely to continue in the near future (UNCTAD, 2011) Therefore Securing a strong base in these countries will be critical for investors seeking growth beyond them (Ernst Young, 2011). As depicted below in figure 2 shows the FDI inflows both global and group of economies, and it is estimated that in 2014 share of GDP growth in developing countries will surpass that of developed cuntries as shows bellow in figure 2, furthermore as Krugell, 2009 Suggets The spatial distribution of FDI depends firstly on interregional differences in factor and resource endowments. When foreign firms can choose between different regions, cities or towns, they locate in favourably endowed places. Investors also prefer to locate where other firms cluster together. Agglomeration creates a large local market and ensures diverse intermediate inputs and a thick labour market. This generates positive externalities which reduce costs and increase competitiveness and hence attracts investors. . Figure 1 : Top 20, Host recipients of FDI (Source: UNCTAD, based on annex table I.1 and the FDI/TNC database (www.unctad.org/fdistatistics). a Ranked on the basis of the magnitude of 2010 FDI inflows. Note: The number in bracket after the name of the country refers to the ranking in 2009. British Virgin Islands, which ranked 12th in 2010, is excluded from the list) Figure 2: World GDP forecast (World Economic Outlook, Business Source Monitor, 2010) To secure strong base as advised by Ernst Young for investors require an understanding on the history, policy, trends, important lessons learnt from a global context with an emphasis in the South, East and South East Asian regions to understand its investment environment prior to understanding FDI determinants, which will be covered in section 1 of the report. Then the essay will conduct a literature review looking at various benchmark indices that measure FDI performance together with other literature which will help in understanding the location or regional FDI determinant factors at a country specific and regional level. Then the determinants will be tested by model creation for its significance by using data from a variety of reputed sources and testing panel data using OLS regression and a unit root equation using panel data from 1xxx-2010. Then the findings will be done both for a country specific angle and at a regional level. Then a TOPSIS analysis will be conducted to see i f FDI promotes competitiveness. Then the findings will be interpreted and finally the dissertation will be concluded with some considerations for investors/Policy Makers. 1.0.1 History, policy, Trends and Lessons learnt through Global FDI and FDI in the ASEAN and SAARC 1.0.1.1 Global trends and directions in FDI As stimulus packages and other public fiscal policies fade, sustained economic development fade, sustained economic recovery becomes more dependent on private investment, at present Trans National Corporations (TNC) have taken a customary role as private investors (UNCTRAD, 2011). Global FDI rose to $ 1.24 Billion in 2010 from $1.185 Billion, but were 15% below pre-crisis averages. This in contrast global industrial output and trade, which were back to pre-crisis levels. UNCTAD estimates that Global FDI, will recover to pre-crisis level in 2011, increasingly to $1.4 Trillion-1.6 Trillion, approaching its 2007 peak(as per UNCTAD econometric model), this is baring any global economic shocks, that may arise due to a number of risk factors (UNCTRAD, 2011) risk factors especially for TNCs have become critical as unpredictability of global economic governance, possible widespread sovereign debt crisis, fiscal financial sector imbalances, rising inflation, apparent signs of overheating cer tain economies; might derail global FDI. Therefore investors have changed there preferences as the global FDI trends depict below: Developing (including ASEAN and SAARC) and transition economies contributed more than half(52%) of Global FDI flows while its outward flows were also the highest, while intra-regional flows of FDI between developing countries plus TNC were also high. Figure 3 depicts the transition of FDI flows over 3 decades from developed to developing and transition economies (UNCTRAD, 2011). TNC are actively in those countries due to its cost effectiveness and to remain competitive in the global production networks and also since the consumption patterns in the world are shifting (UNCTAD, 2011). 52% to developed and transition countries figure 3: World FDI inflows, global and by group of economies(Source: UNCTAD, based on annex table I.1 and the FDI/TNC database (www.unctad.org/fdistatistics) In the South, East and South East Asia inflows rose in the region by 24% in 2010, reaching $300 Bn, as a result of economic growth, good macro-economic fundamentals and higher commodity prices spurred FDI, figure 4 depicts FDI inflows to the developing economies in the region and it is clear that most FDI flows are flowing to South, East and South East Asia. Figure 4: FDi inflows to developing and transition economies, by region, average of 2005-2007 and 2008 to 2010 (Source: UNCTAD, FDI/TNC database (www.unctad.org/fdistatistics). International production expansion in foreign sales, assets and employment TNCs account for 1/10 of global GDP and 1/3 of world exports. TNC contribute largely as global presence sustains price advantage, cost effectiveness and make them remain competitive with global production networks. Furthermore state owned TNCs account(650 in number) with its affiliate network (8500 in number), their outward investments account for 11% of global FDI flows. Therefore the governance of state owned TNCs have raised concerns of late, the level playing field, national security, regulatory implications for international expansion becomes important for these companies. Understanding their incentives for capital flows is important to understand FDI flows. In 2010, 70% projects(Cross border merger and acquisition (MA) and Greenfield FDI projects) from these were invested in these regions. Mainly FDIs were inherited by BRIC countries in which China and India have gained ground In recent years following rapid economic development in home countries, abundant financial resources are strong motivations to acquire resources and strategic assets abroad. Infact Chinese and Indian companies saw large capital investment beyond their own regions. In fact in 2010, there were seven mega deals(12% of the total inward FDI came from these deals as shown below in table 1 in appendix 2 of this report were done by Chinese companies mainly to the Latin American Region. TNC ROI on FDI is approximately 7.3%, where leverage has shown decline, as proxy by outward FDI stock over foreign assets. Sales over foreign affiliates increased by 9.1%, reflecting strong revenue in developing and transition economies, employment continued to expand, as efficiency seeking investments increased. A new recent development is that TNCs account for nearly 80% of global FDI and TNCs are in the developing world account for 70% of global FDI flows. Strong profits of TNCs in emerging markets were incentives for further investments. Infact 100 of the largest TNC companies of Anglo-American origins gained 93% of their profits from these economies, this includes high EBIT positions for Coca-Cola, Toyota Motor, Unilever, SABMiller, Nestle, Barrick gold, Holcim, British American Tobacco, Nissan Motor, BASF, Honda Motor and Bayer. Even state owned TNCs became important to global FDI contributing largely to global FDI inflows and outflows, the 15 largest state owned TNCs account for large chunk of global FDI. Geographically 56% of State owned TNCs are located in China (50), Malaysia (50) and India (20) are among some top participants. Among them include Volkvagen group, GDF suez, General Motors, CITI group, Tata steel to just name a few. If we consider FDI by sector wise classification, FDI towards manufacturing sector increased while services and primary sector saw declines. Within manufacturing business cycle sensitive industries such as metal and metal products, electronics and wood products saw declines while chemicals, food, beverages tobacco, textile, automobiles showed rapid increases in emerging economies. In fact manufacturing related FDI rose to 23% in 2009 to $554 Billion, this as seen made TNCs more receptive to restructuring in to more profitable and productive units FDI in the primary sector decreased in 2010 despite growing demand for raw materials and energy resources, and high commodity prices. FDI projects (including cross-border MA and Greenfield investments) amounted to $254 billion in 2010, raising the share of the primary sector to 22 per cent, up from 14 per cent in the pre-crisis period(UNCTAD, 2011). Natural resource-based companies with sound financial positions, mainly from developing and transition economies, made some large acquisitions in the primary sector. Examples include the purchase of Repsol (Brazil) by Chinas Sinopec Group for $7 billion, and the purchase of the Carabobo block in the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela by a group of investors from India for $4.8 billion. The value of FDI projects in the services sector continued to decline sharply in 2010, with respect to both 2009 and the pre-crisis level of activity. All main service industries (business services, finance, transport and communications and utilities) fell, although at different speeds(UNCTAD, 2011). Business services declined by 8 per cent compared to the precrisis level, as TNCs are outsourcing a growing share of their business support functions to external providers, seeking to cut internal costs by externalizing non-core business activities Transportation and telecommunication services suffered equally in 2010 as the industrys restructuring is more or less completed after the round of large MA deals before the crisis particularly in developed countries (UNCTAD, 2011). Figure 5 depicts the breakdown of Sectoral distribution of FDI projects during the 2009-2010 period. Figure 5: Sectoral Distribution of FDI projects (Source: UNCTAD. a Comprises cross-border MAs and Greenfield investments. The latter refers to the estimated amounts of capital investment.) In terms of mode of entry Greenfield investment has become much larger that cross-border M A, however TNCs. Recovery of FDI flows in 2011 reliant on the rise of both Greenfield and MA. as depicted in figure 6 MA and Greenfield projects have increased by 36% to $ 339 Bn as a result of higher stock prices increased the purchasing power of investors to invest abroad, the higher the values of corporate assets in 2010 raised the leverage of investors to undertake MA by using shares in part payment. At the same time the ongoing corporate and industrial restructuring is creating new oppertunies for for cash rich TNCs including those from emerging markets. However the total project value of Greenfield Investments over MA is not surprising as varying conditionality has tilted the favor towards Greenfield projects Figure 6: Greenfield Vs Mergers and Acquisitions (Source: UNCTAD, based on UNCTAD cross-border MA database and information from the Financial Times Ltd, FDI Markets (www.fDimarkets.com). Note: Data for value of Greenfield FDI projects refer to estimated amounts of capital investment. If we consider FDI by component; reinvested earnings grew fast, while equity capital investments and intra-company loans declined, cash reserves of foreign affiliates grew substantially. For example the profits to sales ratio of the United States SP 500 firms, Japanese Firms, Korean firms and developing country firms rose in 2010. However the rise in reinvested earning brought a decline in equity capital, intra-company loans declined as loans were paid back and capital was held for future investments. Given the fact the foreign affiliates hold large retained earnings on their balance sheet, repatriation to their parents become important role in determining the investment flows. Here government policymakers need to take steps. FDI flows in developing economies and transition economies should be treated with caution due to containing some short-term volatile flows, hot money, stabilization of capital flows represents an important challenge to many developing countries. As private foreign capital flows-portfolio investment, bank loans and FDI all contribute to development. But due to the nature of the crisis, official development assistance (ODA) is less prone to fluctuations and is as important to developing countries. But there effectiveness has been questioned on actual development. Private equity sponsored FDI has regained momentum, although it fell of its pre-crisis level. It is directed more towards developing and transition economies as secondary buyouts and smaller acquisitions. Sovereign Wealth Funds FDI declined substantially because of severely reduced investment from the Gulf region. However its long term potential as a source of investment remains. Poorest countries saw declines in FDI flows such as landlocked countries, small island developing countries or certain regions in south Asia. (UNCTRAD, 2011) Figure 5: FDI inflows by component (Source: UNCTAD, based on data from FDI/TNC database (www/unctad.org/fdistatistics). a Based on 106 countries that account for 85 per cent of total FDI inflows during the period 2007-2010. 1.0.1.2 Policy reform in terms of FDI and Macro-economic reform in East, South, South-East Asia The Peoples Republic of China (PRC) and East/Southeast Asian countries have made rapid enhancement in their macroeconomic situations, investment, exports and employment over the decade of 1980s and 1990s through the use of large amounts of Foreign Direct Investment. Similarly private capital, which was long seen with concern and suspicion, is now regarded as source of investment and economic growth in South Asia. Like other developing countries, South Asian economies focus their investment incentives exclusively on foreign firms. Over the last twenty years, market reforms, trade liberalization and intense competition for FDI have led to reduced restrictions on foreign investment and expanded the scope for FDI in most sectors. However, the South Asian countries have been largely unsuccessful in attracting FDI. These countries, jointly and also individually, receive low FDI compared to PRC, Brazil, Singapore and other East/Southeast Asian countries. South Asia received the smallest FDI flows among developing Asian countries, accounting for around 3 percent of the total FDI inflows to developing countries in the region. All the countries in the South Asian region except India have received very little attention and negligible FDI inflows. South Asian policymakers realize that credible efforts for economic reforms in South Asia must involve an upgrading of technology, scale of production and linkages to an increasingly integrated globalise production system chiefly through the participation of Multi National Corporations (MNCs). South Asian countries have many advantages to offer to potential investors, including high and steady economic growth, single-digit inflation, vast domestic markets, a growing number of skilled personnel, an increasing entrepreneurial class and constantly improving financial systems, including expanding capital markets. On top of these advantages, South Asian countries have been designing policies and giving incentives to foreign direct inv estment in several ways (Sahoor, 2006) Till the late 1960s, most of the developing economies, including those of East Asia, adopted closed macroeconomic policies with import substitution industrialization policies, under which self-reliance and indigenous efforts were encouraged. At the same time, a dominant role was assigned to the state in the development process. These import substitution strategies, coupled with the large public sectors, resulted in rent seeking activities and uncompetitive production processes (Bhagawati and Srinivasan, 1975). Therefore, export-led industrialization and liberalization was advocated to make the production process efficient and competitive. Following the export-oriented growth argument (Bhagawati and Srinivasan, 1975 and Kruger, 1975), and the success of East Asian countries with higher exports and economic growth during the period from the early seventies to mid nineties, most of the South Asian countries started opening up their economies from the early eighties. The South Asian econ omies are currently enjoying the benefits of economic reforms, particularly reforms related to trade and investment. These countries undertook reform processes and opened up their economies after having experienced sluggish growth rates throughout the seventies and eighties (Sahoor, 2006 ). Please see appendix 1 for the types of reforms undertaken by SAARC countries. 1.0.1.3 Current trends in the ASEAN and SAARC * to understand the Policy, policy framework or related public institutions for FDI then foreign policy in terms of its automatic routes, government approval, FDI in attractive zones, repatriation of profit, labour regulations applicable to the South, East and South-East Asian Countries have been shown in appendix 1 of this report. à £Ã¢â‚¬ ¡Ã‚ ½Ãƒ §Ã¢â€ž ¢Ã…’à §Ã‚ £Ã‚ »Ãƒâ€œÃ‚ ±Ãƒ ¬Ã…’†º à £Ã¢â‚¬ ¡Ã‚ ½Ãƒ §Ã¢â€ž ¢Ã…’à §Ã‚ £Ã‚ »Ãƒâ€œÃ‚ ±Ãƒ ¬Ã…’†º Figure 6: Various Tables and Graphs (Source UNCTAD, 2011) In 2010, FDI inflows to South, East and South- East Asia increased by 24 per cent, to $300 billion (Figure A of Figure 6). inflows to the ASEAN countries more than doubled; those to China and Hong Kong (China) enjoyed double-digit growth; while those to India, the Republic of Korea and Taiwan Province of China showed decline (table B of figure 6). FDI to ASEAN increased to $79 billion in 2010 breaking 2007s previous record of $76 billion recorded at pre-crisis level times. The boost was driven by large magnitude of FDI inflows to Malaysia (537 per cent), Indonesia (173 per cent) and Singapore (153 per cent) (table A ; annex table I.1). Positive policy at country level fuelled good performance within region, and seem likely to continue to do so: in 2010, Cambodia, Indonesia and the Philippines liberalized more industries; Indonesia improved its FDI-related administrative procedures; and the Philippines strengthened the supportive services for public private partnerships. Singapore the global financial centre and a regional hub of TNC headquarters, has benefited greatly from increasing investment in developing Asia, this accounted for half of ASEANs FDI, recorded record FDI levels of $39 billion in 2010. Due to rising production costs in China, some ASEAN countries, such as Indonesia and Viet Nam, have gained ground as low-cost production locations, especially for low end manufacturing. FDI to East Asia rose to $188 billion, thanks to growing inflows to Hong Kong (China) (32 per cent) and China (11 per cent) (table A). Benefiting greatly from its close economic relationship with mainland China, Hong Kong (China) quickly recovered from the shock of the global financial crisis, and FDI inflows recorded a historic high of $69 billion in 2010. However, inflows to the other two newly industrializing economies, namely the Republic of Korea and Taiwan Province of China, declined by 8 per cent and 11 per cent, respectively. China continues to experience rising wages and production costs, so the widespread offshoring of low-cost manufacturing to that country has been slowing down and divestments are occurring from the coastal areas. Meanwhile China has seen structural transformation shifting FDI inflows towards high technology sectors and services. For instance, FDI in real estate alone accounted for more than 20 per cent of total inflows to China in 2010, and the share was almost 50 per cent in early 2011. Mirroring similar arrangements in some developed countries, China established a joint ministerial committee in 2011 to review the national security implications of certain foreign acquisitions. FDI to South Asia declined to $32 billion, reflecting a 31 per cent slide in inflows to India and a 14 percent drop in Pakistan, the two largest recipients of FDI in the subcontinent. In India, the setback in attracting FDI was partly due to macroeconomic concerns, such as a high current account deficit and inflation, as well as to delays in the approval of large FDI projects;10 these factors are hindering the Indian Governments efforts to boost investment, including the planned $1.5 trillion investment in infrastructure between 2007 and 2017. In contrast, inflows to Bangladesh increased by nearly 30 percent to $913 million; the country is becoming a major low-cost production location in South Asia. Cross-border MAs in the region declined by about 8 per cent to $32 billion in 2010. MAs in manufacturing rose slightly while they declined by 8 per cent in services. Within manufacturing, the value of deals surged in industries such as chemical products ($6.0 billion), motor vehicles ($4.2 billion) and metal products ($1.6 billion), but dropped in industries such as food and beverages ($2.9 billion) and electronics ($920 million) (table D). Greenfield investment remained stable in 2010, after a significant slowdown due to widespread divestments and project cancellations in 2009 (annex table I.8). FDI inflows to East Asia should continue to grow in the near future, and those to South Asia are likely to regain momentum. The competitiveness of South- East Asian countries in low-cost production will be strengthened, and further FDI increases can be expected. Prospects for inflows to the LDCs in the region are promising, thanks to intensified South-South economic cooperation, fortified by surging intraregional FDI. Indeed, countries in the region have made significant progress in their regional economic integration efforts (within Greater China, and between China and ASEAN, for example), which will translate into a more favourable investment climate for intraregional FDI flows. To get a closer picture of the emerging trends in terms of its industrial patterns please refer appendix 2 of this report. (UNCTAD, 2011) 1.2 Problem Statement However despite recent improvements FDI flows have declined in 2012, for the first time Developed nations and nations in transition received more FDI than there Asian counterparts during the recent period which has primarily been as a result of volatility in the markets. The capital surge is exposing developing countries to greater unstability, putting direct pressure on their exchange rate and the low interest rate environment will be hard sustain in the long term (UNCTRAD, 2011). While FDI recovery resumes unevenly, the world wide demand for private productive investment is increasing as public investment, which rescued the global economy from declines in FDI in one country after another. With unsustainable level of debt in many countries, with nervous capital markets, governments must now rein in their deficits and let private investment take over the lead role in generating and supporting recovery. Infact responses by TNCs indicate increasing awareness to invest, and clear priori ty in opportunistic areas but TNCs feel that increased protectionism coupled by regulatory risks have put a brake on capital expenditures. Infact many developed nations require private investment rather than public investment, but TNCs are reluctant to invest due to past FDI performance would seem to warrant(UNCTRAD, 2011). Taking in to consideration the volatility in the markets, TNC investments directed towards the right countries, sectors and the understanding of the current investment environment is pivotal. However current indicies are full of limitations and thus building an index to both understand the current investment environment and reduce the limitations in other indicies is the main problem trying to be solved by this report. 1.3 Objective This study aims to provide an investigation of the determinants significantly affecting FDI flows in to key emerging markets in in East, South and South East Asia. The investigation builds on previous research both from literature conference proceedings and focuses on a variety of determinants including the policy framework of FDI, economic determinants and FDI determinants in relation to business facilitation for FDI. This is a important consideration in the global context for investors. To construct the variables 3 sets of macroeconomic, country specific and transnational company specific determinants of FDI will be used. The empirical assessment will consider econometric models such as Improved Inward FDI Potent